Two Speed Shifters
When I started teaching, the veteran physics teacher had these cars for a particular lab he called "two speed shifters." They are wind up cars that when released, start moving at a slow, nearly constant speed, then shift and accelerate. A piece of string was tied and taped to the top of the cars that would run over a smart pulley attached to our Vernier photogates. After the car was wound up and put near the photogate, the string had to be pulled back so that it would move against the pulley while the car pulled the string out. The set-up is specific, and sometimes finicky, but provides a very interesting graph for students to analyze. There are more specific details about the "how" below. Students would focus on the velocity-time and position-time graphs. They would learn how to use the tangent line function on the position-time graph to find the spot where the slope started to decrease. They look at the velocity-time graph at that same time to see that the vel...